Author: Muhammad Tuhin

Cyrus the Great (c. 600–530 BCE) was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian Empire, and is widely regarded as one of history’s most enlightened and powerful rulers.…

Vasco da Gama (c. 1460–1524) was a Portuguese explorer who became one of the most significant figures in the Age of Discovery. Best known for being the first European to…

Vladimir Lenin (1870–1924) was a Russian revolutionary leader and the founder of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, which later became the Soviet Union. Born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, he became…

Mani (circa 216-274 CE) was a Persian prophet and the founder of Manichaeism, a syncretic religious movement that emerged in the 3rd century CE. Born in the Parthian Empire, Mani’s…

Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834) was an English economist and demographer best known for his influential theories on population growth. In his seminal work, An Essay on the Principle of Population…

Marie Curie (1867-1934) was a pioneering physicist and chemist who made groundbreaking contributions to the study of radioactivity. Born in Poland and later becoming a naturalized French citizen, Curie was…

Cleopatra VII (69–30 BCE) was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, renowned for her intelligence, political acumen, and dramatic life. Ascending to the throne at a…

Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) was an Italian polymath whose contributions spanned a wide range of fields, including art, science, engineering, anatomy, and more. Born in Vinci, Italy, Leonardo is best…

Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527) was an Italian diplomat, philosopher, and historian whose works laid the foundation for modern political science. Best known for his treatise The Prince, Machiavelli explored pragmatic and…

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) was a French philosopher, writer, and composer whose ideas greatly influenced the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, and modern political and educational thought. Rousseau is best known for…

Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) was a Swiss mathematician and physicist whose work has profoundly influenced many areas of mathematics. Euler made pioneering contributions to various fields including calculus, graph theory, topology,…

Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) was a German astronomer and mathematician who made pivotal contributions to the scientific revolution. Best known for formulating Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, he described how planets…

Voltaire, born François-Marie Arouet (1694–1778), was a leading French Enlightenment philosopher, writer, and critic. Renowned for his wit and advocacy of civil liberties, he championed freedom of speech, separation of…

Laozi, traditionally believed to have lived during the 6th century BCE, is a seminal figure in Chinese philosophy and the reputed author of the “Tao Te Ching,” a foundational text…

Suleiman the Magnificent (c. 1494–1566) was the 10th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, ruling from 1520 to 1566. Often regarded as the empire’s most illustrious ruler, his reign marked the…

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) was a German composer, organist, and music teacher whose works are considered masterpieces of Baroque music. Born in a musical family in Eisenach, Bach’s compositions are…